Electric bikes, scooters and mopeds
The same step-through frame is a bicycle at 20 mph, a moped at 30 and a motorcycle above that. In the European Union, a throttle that works above 6 km/h makes it a registered moped. Every state and major market, sorted by the rules, with the drive system, the battery and the factory behind each badge.
Sections
Most brands are labels on a handful of drive systems and factories. Start from the law, the motor, the battery or the maker, and every path ends at the same vehicle.
Helmets, minimum ages, plates, registration, sidewalks and trails for every vehicle class, state by state and in the European Union, United Kingdom, China, Japan, Canada and Australia. Each state page also covers its state parks, national parks and rail trails.
Hub motors and mid-drives, torque sensing, and the makers behind them, from Bosch and Shimano to Bafang and DJI.
Cells, packs, chargers and swap networks, and the certifications written after the fires: UL 2849, UL 2272 and EN 15194.
The brand directory, the contract factories in Taiwan and China, and the car brands that put their badge on someone else's frame.
Every body style, from cargo and folding bikes to moped-style e-bikes and seated e-scooters, ordered by legal class.
State laws
One page per state: road rules for e-bikes, scooters and mopeds, then where each one is allowed off-road.
Makers
Most e-bikes are a frame from a contract factory and a drive system from one of a few suppliers, sold under a local label. Car brands follow the same pattern at the top of the market.
| Badge | Built by | Drive system |
|---|---|---|
| Porsche | Rotwild | Shimano EP801; Porsche is closing Fazua, bought in 2022 |
| Audi | Fantic | Brose S-Mag |
| Mercedes-AMG | N+ | Rear hub motor with a Pinion gearbox |
| Lamborghini | Italtechnology | Motor with an 8-speed electromagnetic gearbox |